The confirmatory factor analysis and Cronbach’s alpha confirmed the validity (chi-square, 661.9 CMIN/df, 2.14 GFI, 0.86 CFI, 0.88 CFI/TLI, 1.02 RMSEA, 0.061 ) and reliability (0.91 ) of the instrument. The score was higher in those who have or had the intention to leave their clinical role due to moral distress than in those who do not or did not have the intention of leaving (mean 113.7 vs. Resultsģ08 responses were eligible for the analysis. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted. Construct validity was assessed with the relation to the intention to leave the clinical position, and internal consistency was assessed with Cronbach’s alpha. All physicians and nurses who were directly involved in patient care at nine departments of four tertiary hospitals in Japan were invited to a survey to assess the construct validity, reliability and factor structure. We translated the questionnaire into Japanese according to the instructions of EORTC Quality of Life group translation manual. We aimed to assess the validity and reliability of the Japanese translation of the Measure of Moral Distress for Healthcare Professionals (MMD-HP). Moral distress occurs when professionals cannot carry out what they believe to be ethically appropriate actions because of constraints or barriers.